1.东北农业大学植物保护学院,黑龙江 哈尔滨 150030
2.黑龙江大学现代农业与生态环境学院,黑龙江 哈尔滨 150080
李俊鹏(1997年生),男;研究方向:农业昆虫与害虫防治;E-mail:lijunpeng0815@163.com
叶乐夫(1975年生),男;研究方向:昆虫生态学;E-mail:yelefuneau@foxmail.com
纸质出版日期:2024-09-25,
网络出版日期:2024-07-22,
收稿日期:2024-05-07,
录用日期:2024-05-23
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李俊鹏,付雪,张宏钰等.干旱胁迫下木醋液对“大豆-大豆蚜-异色瓢虫”三级营养系统的影响[J].中山大学学报(自然科学版)(中英文),2024,63(05):90-98.
LI Junpeng,FU Xue,ZHANG Hongyu,et al.Effects of wood vinegar on the tertiary nutrition system of “Glycine max- Aphis glycines -Harmonia axyridis” under drought stress[J].Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Sunyatseni,2024,63(05):90-98.
李俊鹏,付雪,张宏钰等.干旱胁迫下木醋液对“大豆-大豆蚜-异色瓢虫”三级营养系统的影响[J].中山大学学报(自然科学版)(中英文),2024,63(05):90-98. DOI: 10.13471/j.cnki.acta.snus.ZR20240144.
LI Junpeng,FU Xue,ZHANG Hongyu,et al.Effects of wood vinegar on the tertiary nutrition system of “Glycine max- Aphis glycines -Harmonia axyridis” under drought stress[J].Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Sunyatseni,2024,63(05):90-98. DOI: 10.13471/j.cnki.acta.snus.ZR20240144.
大豆(
Glycine max
)生长发育在生物(蚜虫)和非生物因子(干旱)胁迫下,能否通过施用木醋液复合生物制剂增加作物抗逆性,实现作物稳定生产对于应对未来气候变化给农业生产带来的挑战具有重要意义。本研究以干旱与木醋液为处理因子,以“大豆-蚜虫-瓢虫”三级营养系统为研究对象,共设置18个处理,测定大豆生物量、根冠比、大豆蚜(
Aphis glycines
)种群动态、异色瓢虫(
Harmonia axyridis
)捕食量、发育历期,以及大豆、大豆蚜、异色瓢虫的谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶(GST)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性等指标,其主要结果如下:(1)轻度与重度干旱胁迫下大豆生物量(-29.6%,-66.6%)显著降低,根冠比(15.2%,37.5%)显著升高;仅有蚜虫(缺少天敌)时,轻度干旱胁迫下喷施木醋液相对于未施木醋液组大豆生物量(16.2%)显著增高;轻度干旱下,大豆GST活性显著升高(117.5%),喷施木醋液后大豆GST(46.5%)和CAT(13.3%)活性均显著升高;重度干旱胁迫下大豆GST(-78.0%)、POD(-63.9%)和CAT(-81.4%)活性均显著降低。(2)轻度
与重度干旱胁迫下大豆蚜种群数量(-12.9%,-22.1%)显著降低;轻度干旱胁迫与重度干旱胁迫下,施用木醋液相对于不用木醋液大豆蚜种群数量分别显著降低(-16.9%,-20.0%);重度干旱胁迫下大豆蚜GST(149.6%)和CAT(48.3%)活性均显著升高;轻度干旱胁迫下喷施木醋液大豆蚜GST(77.8%)和CAT(52.4%)活性显著上升。(3)重度干旱胁迫下,异色瓢虫成虫日捕食量显著降低(-16.6%),施用木醋液后异色瓢虫成虫日捕食量显著增高(8.7%);轻度干旱与重度干旱胁迫下相对于正常浇水组异色瓢虫幼虫发育历期显著延长(4.9%,10.9%),轻度干旱木醋液处理与重度干旱下木醋液处理蚜虫饲喂瓢虫幼虫,其发育历期(-4.2%,-5.3%)均显著缩短;重度干旱胁迫下异色瓢虫GST(43.2%)和CAT(156.5%)活性均显著升高。因此,干旱胁迫会抑制大豆生长发育,而喷施木醋液能促进大豆生长发育,提高大豆的抗旱性,同时对直接防治大豆蚜和提高天敌对大豆蚜的防治效果有一定的积极作用。
Under the stress of biological (aphid) and abiotic factors (drought), whether the application of wood vinegar compound biological agents can increase crop resistance and achieve stable crop production is of great significance for coping with the challenges brought by future climate change to agricultural production. In this study, drought and wood vinegar were used as treatment factors, and the “
Glycine max
-
Aphis Glycines
-
Harmonia Axyridis
” three-level nutrition system was used as the research object, with a total of 18 treatments. Soybean biomass, root-shoot ratio, population dynamics of
A.glycines
, predation of
H.axyridis
, developmental duration, and activities of glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and catalase (CAT) in soybean,
A.glycines
and
H. axyridis
were measured. The main results are as follows :(1) Under mild and severe drought stress, soybean biomass (-29.6%,-66.6%) decreased significantly, and root shoot ratio (15.2%,37.5%) increased significantly. When there were only aphids (lack of natural enemies), spraying wood vinegar liquid phase under mild drought stress significantly increased the biomass of soybean in the group without wood vinegar (16.2%). Under mild drought, the GST activity of soybean increased significantly (117.5%), and the GST (46.5%) and CAT (13.3%) activities of soybean increased significantly after spraying wood vinegar. However, the activities of GST
(-78.0%), POD (-63.9%) and CAT (-81.4%) were significantly decreased under severe drought stress. (2) The population of
A.glycines
(-12.9%,-22.1%) decreased significantly under mild and severe drought stress. Under mild drought stress and severe drought stress, the application of wood vinegar liquid phase significantly reduced the population of soybean aphids without wood vinegar (-16.9%,-20.0%). The activities of GST (149.6%) and CAT (48.3%) were significantly increased under severe drought stress. Under mild drought stress, the activities of GST (77.8%) and CAT (52.4%) of
A.glycines
sprayed with wood vinegar increased significantly. (3) Under severe drought stress, the daily predation of
H.axyridis
adults decreased significantly (-16.6%), and the daily predation of
H.axyridis
adults increased significantly after the application of wood vinegar (8.7%). The developmental duration of
H.axyridis
larvae under mild drought and severe drought stress was significantly longer than that under normal watering group (4.9%,10.9% ). The developmental duration (-4.2%,-5.3%) of
H.axyridis
larvae fed with wood vinegar treatment under mild drought and wood vinegar treatment under severe drought was significantly shortened. The activities of GST (43.2%) and CAT (156.5%) of
H.axyridis
were significantly increased under severe drought stress.Therefore,drought stress will inhibit the growth and development of soybean, while spraying wood vinegar can promote the growth and development of soybean, improve the drought resistance of soybean, and have a positive effect on the direct control of soybean aphids and the improvement of the control effect of natural enemies on
A.glycines.
干旱胁迫木醋液三级营养系统生物制剂保护酶
drought stresswood vinegarthree-level nutrition systembiological agentsprotective enzymes
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