灾害天气科学与技术全国重点实验室 / 中国气象局地球系统数值预报中心 / 中国气象局地球系统数值预报重点开放实验室,北京 100081
王蕾(1989年生),女;研究方向:数值模式诊断评估;E-mail: leiwang@cma.gov.cn
张莉(1978年生),女;研究方向:数值模式诊断评估;E-mail: zhangli@cma.gov.cn
收稿:2026-05-18,
修回:2026-08-28,
录用:2026-09-08,
网络首发:2026-11-02,
移动端阅览
王蕾, 张莉, 徐国强, 等. CMA-GFS对一次西南涡强降水低估的模式偏差诊断[J/OL]. 中山大学学报(自然科学版)(中英文), 2026,1-12.
Wang Lei, Zhang Li, Xu Guoqiang, et al. Diagnosing the underestimation of a southwest-vortex heavy precipitation event by CMA-GFS[J/OL]. Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Sunyatseni, 2026, 1-12.
王蕾, 张莉, 徐国强, 等. CMA-GFS对一次西南涡强降水低估的模式偏差诊断[J/OL]. 中山大学学报(自然科学版)(中英文), 2026,1-12. DOI: 10.11714/acta.snus.ZR20260131.
Wang Lei, Zhang Li, Xu Guoqiang, et al. Diagnosing the underestimation of a southwest-vortex heavy precipitation event by CMA-GFS[J/OL]. Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Sunyatseni, 2026, 1-12. DOI: 10.11714/acta.snus.ZR20260131.
2025年6月29—30日,四川东北部发生了一次伴随西南涡快速发展的持续性强降水过程。中国气象局全球同化预报系统(CMA-GFS)较好地预报了此次强降水过程及主要落区,但明显低估了大暴雨范围和峰值强度。本研究利用降水观测、ERA5再分析资料和CMA-GFS业务预报资料,从环流形势、涡度收支、视热源(
Q
1
)、垂直环流结构和整层水汽收支等方面分析了模式预报偏差。结果表明,CMA-GFS未能准确预报西南涡的快速发展,低涡强度明显偏弱。800 hPa附近散度项的正贡献偏小,低层正涡度增长不足;低层辐合较分散,上升运动偏弱,涡度向上传输不足;
Q
1
偏弱,非绝热加热对上升运动和低层辐合的反馈不足,不利于西南涡垂直结构的发展和维持。强降水区东南侧整层水汽输送偏弱,南侧水汽输入不足,北侧输出偏多,导致区域净水汽输入明显偏低。上述动力、热力和水汽偏差共同削弱了低层辐合拉伸、低涡发展、暖湿气流卷入和非绝热加热之间的正反馈,是模式低估强降水强度和范围的主要原因。敏感性试验表明,减弱对流参数化中的动量混合作用后,低层散度项、中低层垂直输送项、
Q
1
、区域净水汽输入和降水均有所增强;修正水汽输入路径上的初始湿度偏差后,目标区水汽输入和降水增加;两者共同调整时改善最为明显。研究结果可为CMA-GFS西南涡强降水预报偏差诊断及相关物理过程改进提供参考。
A persistent heavy precipitation event associated with the rapid development of a southwest-vortex occurred over northeastern Sichuan Province on 29-30 June 2025. CMA-GFS reasonably captures the occurrence and general location of the event but markedly underestimates the areal extent of torrential rainfall and its peak intensity. Using precipitation observations, ERA5 reanalysis data, and CMA-GFS operational forecasts, we analyzed forecast biases in circulation patterns, vorticity budget, apparent heat source (
Q
1
), vertical circulation structure, and the vertically integrated moisture budget. The results show that CMA-GFS fails to reproduce the rapid development of the southwest-vortex and substantially underestimates its intensity. The positive contribution of the divergence term near 800 hPa is too weak, resulting in insufficient low-level positive vorticity growth. Low-level convergence is less organized, ascent is weaker, and upward vorticity transport is reduced.
Q
1
is also underestimated and is poorly coordinated with low-level convergence and ascent, preventing the development of a deep vertical structure. Vertically integrated moisture transport southeast of the heavy-rainfall region is too weak. Insufficient inflow from the south and excessive outflow to the north lead to a marked reduction in regional net moisture input. These dynamical, thermodynamic, and moisture biases weaken the positive feedback loop involving low-level convergence and stretching, vortex development, entrainment of warm and moist air, and diabatic heating, thereby contributing to the underestimation of both the intensity and spatial extent of heavy precipitation. Sensitivity experiments show that reducing convective momentum mixing enhances the low-level divergence-term, lower-to-middle-tropospheric vertical vorticity transport,
Q
1
regional net moisture input, and precipitation. Correcting the initial moisture bias along the moisture-inflow pathway also increases moisture input and precipitation over the target region, while the combined adjustment yields the greatest improvement. These results provide useful guidance for diagnosing CMA-GFS forecast biases in southwest-vortex-related heavy precipitation and for improving the representation of the relevant physical processes.
丁一汇 , 2005 . 高等天气学 [M]. 2版 . 北京 : 气象出版社:43- 44 .
段海霞 , 陆维松 , 毕宝贵 , 2008 . 凝结潜热与地表热通量对一次西南低涡暴雨影响分析 [J]. 高原气象 , 27 ( 6 ): 1315 - 1323 .
何光碧 , 2012 . 西南低涡研究综述 [J]. 气象 , 38 ( 2 ): 155 - 163 .
康岚 , 郝丽萍 , 牛俊丽 , 2011 . 引发暴雨的西南低涡特征分析 [J]. 高原气象 , 30 ( 6 ): 1435 - 1443 .
李国平 , 陈佳 , 2018 . 西南涡及其暴雨研究新进展 [J]. 暴雨 灾害 , 37 ( 4 ): 293 - 302 .
李国庆 , 陈瑞荣 , 杨广基 , 等 , 1976 . 青藏高原东南部低涡的初步模拟试验 [J]. 中国科学 ,( 3 ) : 286 - 294 , 329 - 331 .
李跃清 , 徐祥德 , 2016 . 西南涡研究和观测试验回顾及进展 [J]. 气象科技进展 , 6 ( 3 ): 134 - 140 .
潘旸 , 谷军霞 , 宇婧婧 , 等 , 2018 . 中国区域高分辨率多源降水观测产品的融合方法试验 [J]. 气象学报 , 76 ( 5 ): 755 - 766 .
苏勇 , 沈学顺 , 张红亮 , 等 , 2020 . GRAPES_GFS中三维参考大气的研究: 参考态构造和实际预报试验 [J]. 气象学报 , 78 ( 6 ): 962 - 971 .
孙超 , 霍庆 , 任芝花 , 等 , 2018 . 地面气象资料统计处理系统设计与实现 [J]. 应用气象学报 , 29 ( 5 ): 630 - 640 .
王凡 , 龚建东 , 王瑞春 , 等 , 2024 . CMA全球混合四维变分同化系统的方法研究 [J]. 气象学报 , 82 ( 5 ): 709 - 720 .
王蕾 , 陈起英 , 徐国强 , 等 , 2024 . CMA-GFS对一次强降水过程预报评估及诊断改进 [J]. 中山大学学报(自然科学版中英文) , 63 ( 2 ): 46 - 58 .
张红亮 , 沈学顺 , 苏勇 , 2022 . 预估-校正的半隐式半拉格朗日时间积分方案及其在CMA-GFS模式中的应用 [J]. 气象学报 , 80 ( 2 ): 280 - 288 .
张进 , 孙健 , 沈学顺 , 等 , 2023 . CMA-GFS V 4.0 模式关键技术研发和业务化 [J]. 应用气象学报 , 34 ( 5 ): 513 - 526 .
张小玲 , 程麟生 , 2000 . “ 96.1”暴雪期中尺度切变线发生发展的动力诊断Ⅰ:涡度和涡度变率诊断 [J]. 高原气象 , 19 ( 3 ): 285 - 294 .
张欣 , 漆梁波 , 刘冲 , 等 , 2026 . 2024—2025年江淮梅雨期CMA-GFS-V4.2模式降水预报效果评估 [J]. 海洋气象学报 , 46 ( 2 ): 1 - 14 .
周春花 , 肖递祥 , 陈朝平 , 2023 . 四川盆地西部连续两次特大暴雨过程的西南涡特征分析 [J]. 高原山地气象研究 , 43 ( 1 ): 26 - 33 .
Arakawa A , 2004 . The cumulus parameterization problem: Past, present, and future [J]. J Climate , 17 ( 13 ): 2493 - 2525 .
Bauer P , Thorpe A , Brunet G , 2015 . The quiet revolution of numerical weather prediction [J]. Nature , 525 ( 7567 ): 47 - 55 .
Chen W Y , Xu G Q , Ma Y X , et al , 2026 . Simulation of different microphysical schemes and latent heat effects on extreme precipitation of typhoon Haikui (2023) [J]. J Trop Meteor , 32 ( 3 ): 239 - 254 .
Fritsch J M , Carbone R E , 2004 . Improving quantitative precipitation forecasts in the warm season: A USWRP research and development strategy [J]. Bull Amer Meteor Soc , 85 ( 7 ): 955 - 966 .
Han J , Pan H L , 2011 . Revision of convection and vertical diffusion schemes in the NCEP global forecast system [J]. Weather Forecast , 26 ( 4 ): 520 - 533 .
Hersbach H , Bell B , Berrisford P , et al , 2020 . The ERA5 global reanalysis [J]. Quart J Royal Meteoro Soc , 146 ( 730 ): 1999 - 2049 .
Huffman G J , Stocker E F , Bolvin D T , et al. , 2023 . GPM IMERG Final Precipitation L3 Half Hourly 0.1 degree × 0.1 degree V07 [DB/OL]. Greenbelt , MD: Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center (GES DISC), ( 2023-07-13 )[ 2026-07-02 ]. https://doi.org/10.5067/GPM/IMERG/3B-HH/07 https://doi.org/10.5067/GPM/IMERG/3B-HH/07 .
Morrison H , van Lier-Walqui M , Fridlind A M , et al , 2020 . Confronting the challenge of modeling cloud and precipitation microphysics [J]. J Adv Model Earth Syst , 12 ( 8 ): e2019MS001689 .
Shen X , Su Y , Zhang H , et al , 2023 . New version of the CMA-GFS dynamical core based on the predictor-corrector time integration scheme [J]. J Meteor Res , 37 ( 3 ): 273 - 285 .
Sun J , Xue M , Wilson J W , et al , 2014 . Use of NWP for nowcasting convective precipitation: Recent progress and challenges [J]. Bull Am Meteor Soc , 95 ( 3 ): 409 - 426 .
Trenberth K E , 1991 . Climate diagnostics from global analyses: Conservation of mass in ECMWF analyses [J]. J Climate , 4 ( 7 ): 707 - 722 .
Tulich S N , 2015 . A strategy for representing the effects of convective momentum transport in multiscale models: Evaluation using a new superparameterized version of the Weather Research and Forecast model (SP-WRF) [J]. J Adv Model Earth Syst , 7 ( 2 ): 938 - 962 .
Wang Q W , Tan Z M , 2014 . Multi-scale topographic control of southwest Vortex formation in Tibetan Plateau region in an idealized simulation: Southwest Vortex Formation [J]. J Geophys Res Atmos , 119 ( 20 ): 11543 - 11561 .
Wu Z , Liu H , Chan K T F , et al , 2022 . Effects of topography and latent heat on the evolution of a mesoscale dual-core southwest Vortex over Sichuan Basin, China [J]. Front Earth Sci , 10 : 827601 .
Xu Y , Li G , Zhang X , et al , 2025 . Formation mechanism of overshooting convection in the southwest Vortex circulation under the influence of mesoscale gravity wave [J]. Dyn Atmos Oceans , 110 : 101559 .
Yanai M , Esbensen S , Chu J H , 1973 . Determination of bulk properties of tropical cloud clusters from large-scale heat and moisture budgets [J]. J Atmos Sci , 30 ( 4 ): 611 - 627 .
Yang Q , Hannah W M , Leung L R , 2022 . Convective momentum transport and its impact on the madden-Julian oscillation in E3SM-MMF [J]. J Adv Model Earth Syst , 14 ( 11 ): e2022MS003206 .
Zhou C , Li Y , 2024 . Dynamic and thermodynamic characteristics of warm-sector rainstorms caused by the southwest China Vortex in Sichuan basin [J]. Theor Appl Climatol , 155 ( 8 ): 7095 - 7108 .
0
浏览量
0
下载量
0
CSCD
关联资源
相关文章
相关作者
相关机构
京公网安备11010802024621
