陕西师范大学地理科学与旅游学院,陕西 西安710119
杨怡坤(2001年生),女;研究方向:气候变化与自然灾害;E-mail:charest@snnu.edu.cn
殷淑燕(1970年生),女;研究方向:气候变化与自然灾害;E-mail:yinshy@snnu.edu.cn
收稿:2025-08-03,
修回:2026-03-12,
录用:2026-03-23,
网络首发:2026-05-15,
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杨怡坤, 殷淑燕. 东北-华北民国鼠疫与霍乱流行特征及其与气象要素关联性对比[J/OL]. 中山大学学报(自然科学版)(中英文), 2026,1-14.
Yang Yikun, Yin Shuyan. Epidemic characteristics of plague and cholera and their association with meteorological factors in Northeast-North China during the republic period of China[J/OL]. Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Sunyatseni, 2026, 1-14.
杨怡坤, 殷淑燕. 东北-华北民国鼠疫与霍乱流行特征及其与气象要素关联性对比[J/OL]. 中山大学学报(自然科学版)(中英文), 2026,1-14. DOI: 10.11714/acta.snus.ZR20250165.
Yang Yikun, Yin Shuyan. Epidemic characteristics of plague and cholera and their association with meteorological factors in Northeast-North China during the republic period of China[J/OL]. Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Sunyatseni, 2026, 1-14. DOI: 10.11714/acta.snus.ZR20250165.
民国时期东北-华北地区鼠疫与霍乱频发,是当时最突出的公共卫生灾难之一。本研究在构建1912—1949年疫情数据库的基础上,结合同期气象栅格数据,运用Mann-Kendall突变检验与空间自相关分析,比较两类疫病的时空分布差异,并辨识其气候响应机制的区域分异规律。结果表明:1)时序上,两疫在1917—1921年、1928—1935年、1943—1947年出现一致性的高峰期。2)季节分布截然相反。鼠疫高峰在冬季(34.9%),霍乱则集中于夏、秋季(97.7%)。3)空间上,鼠疫热点呈“蒙东-蒙中”高值带,由自然疫源地属性主导;霍乱形成京津城市群与东北铁路走廊2类聚集模式,受交通、人口及水系卫生条件影响显著。4)气候响应上,有65.69%和51.92%区域的鼠疫分别与气温和降水呈负相关性,鼠疫偏好低温干燥;64.89%和63.92%区域的霍乱分别与气温和降水呈正相关性,霍乱偏好高温高湿。气候突变年份,鼠疫对气温突变更敏感,霍乱对降水突变更敏感,2类疫病的气候响应存在显著分异。研究可为现代防疫差异化风险管理提供历史借鉴。
Plague and cholera frequently occurred in Northeast-North China during the republic period of China, representing one of the most severe public health crises of the period. Using an epidemic database (1912-1949) and concurrent meteorological grid data, this study employed Mann-Kendall mutation tests and spatial auto-correlation analysis to compare the spatiotemporal distributions of the two diseases and to identify regional differentiation patterns in their climatic response mechanisms. The results showed that: 1) Temporally, both diseases exhibited consistent peak periods during 1917-1921, 1928-1935, and 1943-1947. 2) Their seasonal distributions were opposed: plague peaked in winter (34.9%), whereas cholera was concentrated in summer and autumn (97.7%). 3) Spatially, plague hotspots formed a high-value belt in eastern-central Inner Mongolia, dominated by natural foci attributes; cholera hotspots clustered in the Beijing-Tianjin urban agglomeration and the Northeast railway corridor, significantly influenced by transportation networks, population density, and water sanitation conditions. 4) Climatic responses showed that, plague was negatively correlated with temperature (65.69% of the study area) and precipitation (51.92%), favoring cold-dry conditions. Conversely, cholera was positively correlated with temperature (64.89%) and precipitation (63.92%), favoring warm-humid conditions. During years of abrupt climate change, plague was more sensitive to temperature shifts, whereas cholera was more sensitive to precipitation changes, revealing a marked differentiation in their climatic responses. This study provides historical references for differentiated risk management in modern epidemic prevention.
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