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1.深圳大鹏半岛国家地质自然公园管理处, 广东 深圳 518121
2.广东省逆境生物学重点实验室 / 中山大学生命科学学院, 广东 广州 510275
3.广东省林业科学研究院, 广东 广州 510520
4.广东紫金白溪省级自然保护区管理处, 广东 河源 517400
5.广东封开黑石顶省级自然保护区管理处, 广东 肇庆 526536
6.深圳市环境科学研究院, 广东 深圳 518022
Received:21 January 2026,
Revised:2026-03-12,
Accepted:21 April 2026,
Online First:2026-05,
移动端阅览
Wang Mengqi, Li Xujie, Zhang Xuejiao, et al. Characteristics of structure and species diversity of the Chinese endemic species
Wang Mengqi, Li Xujie, Zhang Xuejiao, et al. Characteristics of structure and species diversity of the Chinese endemic species
大苞山茶(
Camellia granthamiana
)为中国特有种,种群数量稀少,为广东省重点保护种,针对其群落结构的研究对于保护和管理具有重要意义。选取广东省内5个大苞山茶群落开展样地调查,从群落结构、物种多样性与系统发育结构三个维度进行生存现状分析和评估,结果表明:(1) 在5个群落中,大苞山茶种群的年龄结构均呈增长型,在紫金白溪(BX-1、BX-2)和黑石顶样地(HSD-1)中,大苞山茶在群落中构成乔木中下层的优势种或共优势种,且种群更新良好;而在深圳七娘山样地(QNS-1、QNS-2)中大苞山茶种群数量稀少,主要为伴生种;(2) QNS-1群落具有最高的物种丰富度、均匀度,群落结构最稳定;BX-1中大苞山茶优势度较高,而均匀度较低。(3) QNS-1与QNS-2群落的深层次系统发育结构趋于聚集,生境过滤在群落构建中起主导作用;BX-1、BX-2和HSD-1的群落深层次系统发育结构趋于发散,竞争排斥在群落构建中起主导作用。浅层次系统发育结构中,QNS-2、BX-1与BX-2样地趋于聚集,反映生境过滤对群落中近缘种组成的筛选作用;而QNS-1与HSD-1样地表现为发散,表明竞争排斥主要作用于近缘物种之间。(4) QNS-1样地位于南亚热带与北热带的过渡带,具有最高的系统发育多样性和最复杂的物种组成。研究表明,大苞山茶的濒危状态是其狭窄地理分布、脆弱的种群更新能力、人为干扰以及环境筛选共同作用的结果。本研究系统地从群落生态学与系统发育学角度揭示了大苞山茶天然群落的结构特征与构建机制,为开展就地保护与种群恢复提供了理论依据。
Camellia granthamiana
is a plant species endemic to China with a small population, and is listed as a key protected species in Guangdong Province. Studies on its community structure are of great significance for its conservation and management. In this research, plot surveys were conducted in five
C. granthamiana
communities distributed in Guangdong Province, and the survival status of the species was analyzed from three dimensions: Community structure, species diversity, and phylogenetic structure. The results showed that: (1) Among the five communities, the age structure of
C. granthamiana
populations was of the growing type. In Baixi of Zijin County (BX-1, BX-2) and Heishiding (HSD-1),
C. granthamiana
was the dominant species in the lower and middle layers of the arbor layer, with sound population regeneratio
n; whereas in the community of Mount Qiniangshan in Shenzhen (QNS-1, QNS-2), the species had a very small population size and existed mainly as an associated species. (2) QNS-1 had the highest species richness and evenness, with the most stable community structure; by contrast, BX-1 had a high dominance of
C. granthamiana
but a relatively low species evenness. (3) The deep-level phylogenetic structure of QNS-1 and QNS-2 tended to be clustered, indicating that habitat filtering played a leading role in community assembly. On the other hand, the deep-level phylogenetic structure of BX-1, BX-2 and HSD-1 showed a divergent pattern, suggesting that competitive exclusion was the dominant process in community assembly. For the shallow-level phylogenetic structure, the plots QNS-2, BX-1 and BX-2 exhibited a clustered distribution, which reflected the filtering effect of environmental conditions on the composition of closely related species in the community; while the plots QNS-1 and HSD-1 showed a divergent pattern, indicating that competitive exclusion mainly acted among closely related species. (4) The plot QNS-1 is located in the transition zone between the southern subtropical and northern tropical zones, which had the highest phylogenetic diversity, and the most complex species composition. This study reveals that the endangered status of
C. granthamiana
is the combined result of its narrow geographic distribution, fragile population regeneration ability, human interference and environmental screening. In summary, this study systematically clarifies the structure and construction mechanisms of the natural communities of
C. granthamiana
based on the data of community ecology and phylogenetics, providing a theoretical basis for the implementation of in-situ conservation and population restoration.
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